Insufficient
Surfshark
Paying monthly
$16.45 per month
Paying yearly
$79.00 billed once a year
Coverage
100 countries with an exit
Free tier
No paid plans only
Security
Usability
Surfshark was assessed by the HushFleet team and placed in the Insufficient band, with a security score of 16/100 and a usability score of 67/100. In the overall security ranking of VPN providers it ranks 13 of 68. Commercial VPN, company jurisdiction Netherlands. It has an independent security audit: the full report is published, evidence level A.
7 fields sit on this record without entering the score, and the contract says so in the field itself: scored: false. They are here because a reader asking who owns this company, or who signed the audit, is asking something the record answers — and because a value that never touches the arithmetic should be visibly outside it rather than quietly mixed in.
Every country the provider offers an exit location in, counted from its own server page: 100. There are no per-country server counts here and no fleet total anywhere on the site — the contract carries neither, and a number nobody can source is worse than an absent one. The 5 countries marked mandate impose data retention; that mark comes from the methodology’s own country table, not from the provider.
Alternatives
Surfshark
Visit siteInsufficient
Paying monthly
$16.45 per month
Paying yearly
$79.00 billed once a year
Coverage
100 countries with an exit
Free tier
No paid plans only
Security
Usability
| Service class | Commercial VPN — security leads |
|---|---|
| Security score | 16 of 100 · Insufficient |
| Usability score | 67 of 100 · state known · 83% established · 91.2% of the weight read |
| Legal entity | Surfshark B.V. |
| Jurisdiction | Netherlands |
| Ultimate owner | Nord Security |
| Exposure | Low · dominant channel: integrity |
| Retention | Connection timestamps |
| Latest audit | Deloitte Lietuva UAB · 10 Jun 2025 · Repeated, at no fixed interval · Yes, and the report was read |
| Countries with exits | 100 |
| Protocols | WireGuardOpenVPNIKEv2A vendor protocol with no published source |
| Works under active censorship | Claimed to work |
| Weakest protocol still offered | A vendor protocol with no published source |
| Own DNS inside the tunnel | unknown |
| Platforms | WindowsmacOSLinuxAndroidiOSBrowser extensionAndroid TVApple TVFire TV |
| Simultaneous devices | unlimited |
| Kill switch | On every platform |
| Split tunnelling | unknown |
| Signing up | unknown |
| Free tier | No free tier |
| P2P allowed | Allowed on some servers |
| Major streaming services reachable | Reachable |
| Price, monthly | $16.45 per month |
| Price, yearly | $79.00 a year at renewal, billed once |
| Offered countries that sit under a logging mandateC09_mandate_countries | United Arab EmiratesIndiaKazakhstanTurkeyVietnam |
|---|---|
| Country of the ultimate beneficial ownerM11_owner_jurisdiction | unknown |
| Owner group cluster keyM15_owner_group | nord security |
| Date the current owner took controlM16_control_since | 2022 |
| Role of this brand inside the groupM17_brand_role | principal |
| Infrastructure shared with cluster siblingsM18_shared_infrastructure | separate |
| Total published auditsV10_audit_count | 2 |
Coverage147countries
Paying monthly$9.99monthly
Paying yearly$53.88yearly total
Free tierYeslimited free plan
Devices10at once
Security
Usability
Coverage50countries
Paying monthly$5.69monthly
Paying yearly$69.60yearly total
Free tierNopaid plans only
Devices5at once
Security
Usability
Coverage41countries
Paying monthly$6.00monthly
Paying yearly$60.00yearly total
Free tierNopaid plans only
Devices5at once
Security
Usability
13 Sep 20261 changes
Why this provider is in the catalogueM14_inclusion_basis
hand_picked changed to adverse_record
29 Aug 20269 changes
Actual disclosure historyP02_disclosure_history
not on the record changed to account_data_disclosed
Court record of compelled productionP03_court_record
not on the record changed to produced_account_data
Transparency reportP05_transparency_report
not on the record changed to fresh_with_numbers
Reported numbers plausible for this scaleP06_report_plausibility
not on the record changed to plausible
Warrant canary disciplineP07_warrant_canary
not on the record changed to removed
Requests received in periodP08_requests_received
not on the record changed to 34
Requests where data was providedP09_data_provided
not on the record changed to 1
Chronology of documented enforcement eventsP12_case_history
not on the record changed to {"date":"2026-04","kind":"court_order","outcome":"account_data","source_url":"https://surfshark.com/transparency-report"}
Security scoresecurity.score
17 changed to 18
29 Aug 202617 changes
Weakest protocol still offeredC13_weakest_protocol
not on the record changed to wireguard
Servers in the fleet, as claimedU03_network_size
4500 changed to not on the record
Fastest protocol offeredU07_modern_protocol
wireguard changed to not on the record
Protocols offeredU07_protocols
not on the record changed to wireguard
Response to a national logging mandateP04_mandate_response
not on the record changed to withdrew_physical
Secret-order regime in the incorporation countryP11_gag_order_regime
not on the record changed to judicial_only
Security scoresecurity.score
18 changed to 19
Monthly price USD, month-to-month plan, as charged
not on the record changed to 16.45
Yearly plan price USD, first term as chargedU04b_price_yearly
not on the record changed to 79
Usability scoreusability.score
74 changed to 67
Weakest protocol still offeredC13_weakest_protocol
wireguard changed to not on the record
Protocols offeredU07_protocols
wireguard changed to not on the record
Usability scoreusability.score
67 changed to 63
Weakest protocol still offeredC13_weakest_protocol
not on the record changed to proprietary
Protocols offeredU07_protocols
not on the record changed to wireguard, openvpn, ikev2, proprietary
Security scoresecurity.score
19 changed to 16
Usability scoreusability.score
63 changed to 67
28 Aug 202619 changes
Usability scoreusability.score
79 changed to 77
Why this provider is in the catalogueM14_inclusion_basis
market_incumbent, install_scale changed to hand_picked
Security scoresecurity.score
10 changed to 9
Strength of the assurance opinionV15_assurance_strength
not on the record changed to reasonable
Security scoresecurity.score
9 changed to 10
Security scoresecurity.score
10 changed to 9
App store data declaration against the provider's own policyX12_store_data_declaration
not on the record changed to undisclosed_behaviour
Security scoresecurity.score
9 changed to 6
Retention linkable to a person as declaredC01_linkable_retention
source_ip changed to connection_timestamps
Security scoresecurity.score
6 changed to 17
Security verdictsecurity.verdict
not_recommended changed to no_data
Security verdictsecurity.verdict
no_data changed to insufficient
Usability stateusability.state
not on the record changed to no_data
Works under active censorshipU06_censorship_circumvention
not on the record changed to claimed
Kill switch coverageU08_kill_switch
not on the record changed to all_platforms
P2P allowedU12a_p2p_allowed
not on the record changed to partial
Major streaming services reachableU12b_streaming_works
not on the record changed to yes
Usability scoreusability.score
77 changed to 74
Usability stateusability.state
no_data changed to known
Eight channels, each asking one question of the published record and reading a named set of fields to answer it. They multiply rather than add — the factor beside a channel is what is left after the pressure it found, and open a channel to see every field it read, as it is stored. How the model works
Security fields
67 55 of them feed a channel
Established
47 20 left unknown, 0 not applicable
Completeness
67% the share the model could weigh
Citations
61 across 19 documents
Every value carries what it rests on, and the model weighs the four levels differently. Weight, then how many citations on this record sit at that level:
A weighs 1.00 · 20 hereB weighs 0.85 · 40 hereD weighs 0.35 · 1 here
The weights are methodology.json’s own; a claim seen in the artefact itself counts for more than the same claim reported second-hand. The date at the end of a row is the day that value was last read.
A channel does not price every field it reads. The ones it did are marked along their edge and carry what they added; everything else was read and cost nothing. Only a channel that composes field by field can mark a field at all — the rest price themselves by the parameters printed above their rows.
Still open on this record.
The two prices. U04_price_monthly=16.45 and U04b_price_yearly=79.00 are the Surfshark Starter (VPN + Alternative ID) renewal figures in USD. The pricing page itself only ever shows the promotional first-term rate, but the ToS links a current-recurring-amounts page (surfshark.com/terms-of-service/pricing) that lists renewal prices by term — read there on a US IP, since currency is geo-locked. There is no VPN-only tier below Starter.
What no primary document confirmed. C00_architecture, C08_servers_ownership, U09, U11, V12/V13, X04, X06-X08, X10, X11 were not confirmed against a primary document in the time available and are left unknown. M11_owner_jurisdiction and X04_owner_group_history carry the same gap recorded for nordvpn.json: Nord Security's own jurisdiction and record are not stated on either brand's site.
India, and the secret-order regime. P04_mandate_response=withdrew_physical is the June 2022 India exit, restored from Surfshark's own blog (surfshark.com/blog/surfshark-servers-certin-india) after the earlier run found the /trust-center page no longer carried it. P11=judicial_only rests on the transparency report showing the April 2026 Amsterdam District Court warrant and its National-Security-letter and gag-order counters at zero.
Two reports found, maybe not all. Only two Deloitte no-logs reports (Dec 2022, Jun 2025) were found published; there may be others not linked from robots.txt that this audit did not search for by other means.
On the record as a whole.
surfshark.com is not Cloudflare-walled the way nordvpn.com is: robots.txt, static pages and even the two ISAE 3000 no-logs assurance report PDFs and the December 2025 SecuRing infrastructure pentest report are all fetchable directly, and robots.txt's own Disallow list named the exact PDF paths (evidently meant to keep them out of search results, not to hide them from a direct link).
Both audit PDFs were opened and read in full (level A). The 2025 report's appendix and the privacy policy describe the same record in the same terms: 'user ID and/or your IP address and connection to VPN server time stamps', automatically deleted within 15 minutes of the session ending.
This record was previously read twice — connection_timestamps in V11 from the audit wording, source_ip in C01 from the policy wording — and graded at the worse of the two, which made the fifteen-minute buffer cost more than saying nothing at all: a blank on C01 is the market prior 0.550 and source_ip is 0.750.
R29 now draws the line: state deleted within a declared window tied to the end of the session is the connection, not a record of it, so both fields read connection_timestamps on the same sentence. What is still charged is what outlives the session — the last login date in policy section 2.3.1 and the connection timestamps the auditor names.
Surfshark and NordVPN share a parent (Nord Security, since 2022) but Surfshark's own about-us page states the brands merged 'while operating independently' with separate infrastructure — M18 is set to separate on that basis, mirroring the nordvpn.com record.
U12a is partial rather than yes on the server table's own P2P column: 88 of the 100 listed countries carry it and twelve do not (AU, CL, CO, HR, GR, IE, JP, MX, NZ, TW, TR, AE). The column is drawn client-side, so it was read off the rendered table rather than the static HTML, where every row carries every label.
The transparency report at /transparency-report — which is where /warrant-canary now redirects — carries the April-June 2026 quarter as a table: 374,719 DMCA notices, 33 inquiries from government institutions, 1 warrant, 0 national security letters and 0 gag orders. P08 counts the 34 legal requests and leaves the DMCA notices out: those are copyright complaints about traffic, not requests for a user's data.
The same page states Surfshark is retiring its warrant canary in favour of quarterly reporting, which is why P07 is removed rather than none — the canary existed and was withdrawn deliberately.
U07_protocols carries proprietary for Dausos on Surfshark's own word — its protocol page calls Dausos "Surfshark's proprietary protocol" and publishes no source for it — and that single value is what sets C13_weakest_protocol and the hygiene charge that follows. IKEv2 is kept because Surfshark still documents it, though its own blog records the removal from the Windows app; Shadowsocks is gone from the support index and is not listed.
What this channel priced on this record:Disclosure rate 0.0088Store declaration 0.3Owner transparency 0.06
User base scale (mass >=10M, mid >=1M, niche <1M)also read by silenceM08_user_scale
unknown
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Other businesses of the owner groupM10_owner_other_business
app_portfolio
Bsurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with M10_owner_other_businessTransparency reportalso read by ignorance, silenceP05_transparency_report
fresh_with_numbers
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P05_transparency_reportReported numbers plausible for this scalealso read by ignorance
Computed
×0.159 of a clean record completeness 67%
Where the drop comes from: Integrity. It is the channel this record's risk is concentrated in — on its own it takes a clean record to ×0.652, and its bar above is filled to that.
Exposure is recorded as low and the integrity status as clean.
Against the rest of the register, this record sits furthest above on Retention — ×0.668 where the register averages ×0.432 — and furthest below on Disclosure, ×0.750 against ×0.970.
Published score
16Every row above is one field of the published record, and every one of them can be challenged: every row carries Report, or raise something about the record as a whole. A correction with a source behind it is made the same day, and if it moves the score it moves the rank.
plausible
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Documented gap between claim and behaviourX01_documented_lie
none
nothing published · recorded as asserted27 Aug 2026
Marketing versus audit findingsX02_claim_gap
none
nothing published · recorded as asserted27 Aug 2026
Ownership structure transparencyX03_owner_transparency
partial
Bsurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with X03_owner_transparencyAdverse events on the owner group recordX04_owner_group_history
unknown
nothing published · recorded as asserted
How the service is paid forX05_monetisation_model
paid_only
Bsurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with X05_monetisation_modelClaims of 100% anonymity or military-grade cryptoX06_absolute_claims
unknown
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Aggressive lifetime subscriptionsX07_lifetime_push
unknown
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Coverage exists only on affiliate sitesX08_affiliate_only_reviews
unknown
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Security incident and how it was disclosedalso read by ignoranceX09_incident_handling
none_known
nothing published · recorded as asserted27 Aug 2026
Affiliate programme and payout tierX10_affiliate_program
unknown
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Owner-run review media discloses the tieX11_review_media_disclosure
unknown
nothing published · recorded as asserted
App store data declaration against the provider's own policyX12_store_data_declaration
undisclosed_behaviour
Bplay.google.comBsurfshark.com28 Aug 2026
Report a problem with X12_store_data_declarationComposed rather than added: a prior of 0.55 on the stated branch, moved by what the paper says (0.6221) and by what the practice shows (0.0), at credence 0.6221 from the audit and 1.0 from how the provider engaged, against a severity of 0.2 for what is actually retained.
Retention linkable to a person as declaredmaterialC01_linkable_retention
connection_timestamps
Bsurfshark.com28 Aug 2026
Report a problem with C01_linkable_retentionPersistent device identifier the provider holdsC12_device_identifier
unknown
nothing published · recorded as asserted
At least one independent auditmaterialV01_audit_exists
yes_verified
Asurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with V01_audit_existsHow the report is publishedV02_report_publication
full_pdf
Asurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with V02_report_publicationSubject of the latest auditV03_audit_subject
no_logsinfrastructure
Asurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with V03_audit_subjectServer fleet coverageV04_scope_servers
sample
Asurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with V04_scope_serversAuditor categoryV06_firm_category
big4
Asurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with V06_firm_categoryAssurance standardV07_audit_standard
isae3000
Asurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with V07_audit_standardDate of latest reportmaterialV08_audit_date_latest
2025-06-10
Asurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with V08_audit_date_latestAudit cadenceV09_audit_regularity
repeated_irregular
Asurfshark.comAsurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with V09_audit_regularityWhat the report states is retainedV11_audit_findings
connection_timestamps
Asurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with V11_audit_findingsStrength of the assurance opinionV15_assurance_strength
reasonable
Asurfshark.com28 Aug 2026
Report a problem with V15_assurance_strengthChronology of documented enforcement eventsP12_case_history
2026-04court_order→account_data
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P12_case_historyA capped sum — the one channel that adds: 0.264 of a possible 0.28, from the fields marked below.
RAM-only diskless serversC02_ram_only
yes_verified
Asurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with C02_ram_onlyIP allocation modelC03_ip_sharing
dedicated_option+0.010
Bsurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with C03_ip_sharingSignup without emailC04_signup_no_email
unknown+0.012
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Anonymous payment optionsC05_payment_anonymous
unknown+0.012
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Own DNS inside the tunnelC06_own_dns_in_tunnel
unknown+0.012
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Worst third-party SDK category in the appC07a_app_sdk
unknown+0.018
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Worst third-party tracker category on the siteC07b_site_trackers
unknown+0.009
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Who owns the hardwareC08_servers_ownership
unknown+0.009
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Weakest protocol still offeredC13_weakest_protocol
proprietary+0.150
Bsupport.surfshark.comBsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with C13_weakest_protocolClient source code publishedV12_client_open_source
unknown+0.018
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Reproducible buildsV13_reproducible_builds
unknown+0.014
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Separate client or infrastructure pentestV14_pentest_exists
yes_verified
Asurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with V14_pentest_existsServer seizure by law enforcementalso read by silenceP01_seizure_event
none_known
nothing published · recorded as asserted27 Aug 2026
Actual disclosure historyP02_disclosure_history
account_data_disclosed+0.250
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P02_disclosure_historyCourt record of compelled productionalso read by silenceP03_court_record
produced_account_data+0.250
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P03_court_recordWarrant canary disciplinealso read by ignoranceP07_warrant_canary
removed
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P07_warrant_canaryRequests received in periodP08_requests_received
34
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P08_requests_receivedRequests where data was providedP09_data_provided
1
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P09_data_providedPriced from what is missing: 0.67 of the weighted record is established, on a slope of 0.9 under a cap of 0.6, with a posture of 0.7 relieved by 0.4.
Record completenessS08_completeness
67%
derived from the record itself
Response to a national logging mandatealso read by jurisdictionP04_mandate_response
withdrew_physical
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P04_mandate_responseTransparency reportalso read by integrity, silenceP05_transparency_report
fresh_with_numbers
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P05_transparency_reportReported numbers plausible for this scalealso read by integrityP06_report_plausibility
plausible
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P06_report_plausibilityWarrant canary disciplinealso read by disclosureP07_warrant_canary
removed
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P07_warrant_canarySecurity incident and how it was disclosedalso read by integrityX09_incident_handling
none_known
nothing published · recorded as asserted27 Aug 2026
Where the company sits 0.0, where its owner sits 0.03, the exits it offers 0.09, the gag-order regime 0.0.
Hosting in the mandate countries it offersC09b_mandate_hosting
mixed
Bapi.surfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with C09b_mandate_hostingIncorporation country mandates retentionC10_company_under_mandate
no
nothing published · recorded as asserted27 Aug 2026
Beneficial owner sits under a retention regimeC11_owner_under_mandate
unknown
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Response to a national logging mandatealso read by ignoranceP04_mandate_response
withdrew_physical
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P04_mandate_responseSecret-order regime in the incorporation countryP11_gag_order_regime
judicial_only
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P11_gag_order_regimeWhat this channel priced on this record:Price 0.05
Who operates the exitC00_architecture
unknown+0.050
nothing published · recorded as asserted
What the exit does to passing trafficC14_traffic_modification
unknown+0.050
nothing published · recorded as asserted
8 years in operation at 0.015 a year under a cap of 0.3, weighted 0.5: the rule did not fire.
Year the service launchedM07_launch_year
2018
Bsurfshark.com27 Aug 2026
Report a problem with M07_launch_yearUser base scale (mass >=10M, mid >=1M, niche <1M)also read by integrityM08_user_scale
unknown
nothing published · recorded as asserted
Server seizure by law enforcementalso read by disclosureP01_seizure_event
none_known
nothing published · recorded as asserted27 Aug 2026
Court record of compelled productionalso read by disclosureP03_court_record
produced_account_data
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P03_court_recordTransparency reportalso read by integrity, ignoranceP05_transparency_report
fresh_with_numbers
Bsurfshark.com29 Aug 2026
Report a problem with P05_transparency_report